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Related Concept Videos

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Sublimation is the direct transformation of a solid to a gaseous state. For instance, at standard pressure and room temperature, solid carbon dioxide sublimes to gaseous carbon dioxide. The phase diagram depicts the conditions required for sublimation. This process occurs at the solid-gas phase boundary and is not observed above the triple point of the substance. The reverse of sublimation is called deposition, where a gaseous substance condenses directly into a solid. Sublimation and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Modified MicroSecure Vitrification: A Safe, Simple and Highly Effective Cryopreservation Procedure for Human Blastocysts
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[Droplet freeze-thawing system based on solid surface vitrification and laser rewarming].

Wenxin Zhu1, Ping'an Pan1, Yonghua Huang1

  • 1Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.

Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi = Journal of Biomedical Engineering = Shengwu Yixue Gongchengxue Zazhi
|October 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Ultra-rapid cooling and rewarming techniques were developed for ice-free cell cryopreservation. Optimized cryoprotectant mixtures and laser heating achieved cooling rates of 9.2×10^3 °C/min and rewarming rates of 10^6 °C/min.

Keywords:
Cell cryopreservationLaser warmingSolid surface vitrificationVitrification

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Area of Science:

  • Cryobiology and biophysics
  • Materials science for cryopreservation
  • Laser-based thermal manipulation

Context:

  • Achieving ice-free cell cryopreservation requires ultra-rapid cooling and rewarming rates.
  • Current methods face challenges in controlling temperature ramps and visualizing the process.
  • Developing advanced visualization and temperature measurement systems is crucial for optimizing cryopreservation protocols.

Purpose:

  • To develop an ultra-rapid solid-surface freeze-thaw visualization system.
  • To investigate the effects of cryoprotectant composition, volume, and laser energy on droplet vitrification.
  • To determine optimal laser power for ice-free rewarming of cryopreserved droplets.

Summary:

  • A novel sapphire film-based system enabled visualization of droplet freeze-thaw processes.
  • Optimal cryoprotectant mixture (propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, trehalose) achieved vitrification of 1-8 μL droplets at 9.2×10^3 °C/min cooling rate.
  • Laser-induced rewarming reached rates of 10^6 °C/min, with 1400-1600 W identified for ice-free rewarming.

Impact:

  • Provides a system for simultaneous ultra-high-speed temperature control, visual observation, and temperature measurement of droplets.
  • Offers technical means to assess ice-free conditions during freeze-thaw cycles.
  • Facilitates advancements in ultra-rapid freeze-thaw technology for biological cells and tissues.