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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays

Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays

Published on: October 1, 2007

A microfluidic transistor for automatic control of liquids.

Kaustav A Gopinathan¹, Avanish Mishra^1,2,3, Baris R Mutlu^1,3

¹BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

|October 25, 2023

Summary

Researchers developed a microfluidic transistor, analogous to electronic transistors, enabling precise control of fluids and particles on-chip. This innovation allows for complex fluidic circuits, advancing lab-on-a-chip technologies without electronics.

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Area of Science:

Fluid dynamics
Microfluidics
Electronic circuit analogy

Background:

Microfluidics has advanced molecular biology, diagnostics, and tissue engineering.
A need exists for precise, scalable fluid manipulation akin to electronic circuits.
Previous microfluidic transistor analogs lacked key transistor behaviors like proportional amplification.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a microfluidic transistor analog that replicates electronic transistor functionality, including proportional amplification.
To demonstrate the translation of electronic circuit designs into the fluidic domain.
To create advanced microfluidic controllers and particle manipulation systems.

Main Methods:

Exploited the phenomenon of flow limitation to create a microfluidic element.
Developed microfluidic circuits analogous to electronic components (amplifier, logic gates, latches).
Integrated these components to build complex fluidic controllers and a particle dispenser.

Main Results:

Created a microfluidic transistor with flow-pressure characteristics analogous to electronic transistor current-voltage characteristics.
Successfully translated fundamental electronic circuits into functional fluidic circuits.
Demonstrated a particle dispenser capable of sensing, processing, and controlling individual particle movement deterministically.

Conclusions:

Microfluidic transistors provide a powerful platform for automatic fluid control on microfluidic chips.
This approach enables the design of complex fluidic circuits for lab-on-a-chip applications.
The technology offers electronic-free manipulation of liquids and single particles, advancing autonomous systems.