Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
Published on: April 18, 2013
Contrast media extravasation injury: a prospective observational cohort study
Wanli Liu1,2, Pinghu Wang3, Hui Zhu4
1Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
Objective:
To identify the risk factors for moderate and severe contrast media extravasation and provide effective guidance to reduce the degree of extravasation injuries.
Methods:
We observed 224 adult patients who underwent contrast media extravasation at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, and Xiangya Changde Hospital, Hunan Province between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2022. Risk factors for moderate extravasation injuries were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.
Results:
Among 224 patients, 0 (0%) had severe, 18 (8.0%) had moderate, and 206 (92.0%) had mild contrast media extravasation injury. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed malignant tumors (odds ratio [OR] = 6.992, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.674-29.208), Iohexol (OR = 9.343, 95% CI 1.280-68.214), large-volume (> 50 mL) extravasation (OR = 5.773, 95% CI 1.350‒24.695), and injection site (back of the hand) (OR = 13.491, 95% CI 3.056-59.560) as independent risk factors for moderate injury.
Conclusion:
Risk factors for moderate contrast media extravasation injury are malignant tumors, iohexol, large-volume (> 50 mL) extravasation, and back-of-the-hand injection. Analysis of these risk factors can help reduce the degree of injury after extravasation.
Clinical Relevance Statement:
High-risk patients with extravasation support should choose the appropriate contrast media type, avoiding back-of-the-hand injections. We recommend that patients with cancer be implanted with a high-pressure resistant central venous catheter and receive effective measures to timely detect and reduce extravasation.
Related Concept Videos
Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT
Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT
Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

