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Concomitant or sequential pulmonary infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria and Aspergillus

K Kumar1, M R Loebinger1

  • 1National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, Host Defence Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
|October 26, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and Aspergillus lung infections are linked, but it remains unclear if one predisposes to the other or if treatments create favorable conditions for co-infection. Further understanding is crucial for patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and Aspergillus are common organisms capable of causing lung disease.
  • A known association exists between NTM and Aspergillus lung infections, but the causal relationship is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the association between pulmonary NTM and Aspergillus infections.
  • To investigate predisposing factors, clinical outcomes, and mechanistic links between these coinfections.
  • To inform clinical practice for patients at risk of NTM and Aspergillus lung disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on NTM and Aspergillus coinfections.
  • Analysis of reported frequencies, risk factors, and clinical outcomes.
  • Consideration of mechanistic pathways facilitating coinfection.

Main Results:

  • The frequency of NTM and Aspergillus coinfection or sequential infection is discussed.
  • Identified predisposing risk factors and their impact on clinical outcomes are presented.
  • Current data on mechanistic links between these pulmonary pathogens are evaluated.

Conclusions:

  • Improved understanding of the NTM-Aspergillus lung infection link is critical.
  • This knowledge can guide clinical practice and improve patient outcomes.
  • Further research into the interplay between these pathogens is warranted.

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