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Related Concept Videos

Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

340
Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
340
Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs01:19

Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs

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Following these guidelines can help nurses accurately measure vital signs, assess changes in patient conditions, and provide timely treatment when necessary. Adhering closely to the guidelines ensures the accuracy and reliability of the results.
Before taking a patient's vital signs, a nurse would consider and assess the patient's comfort level and ensure appropriate equipment is available.
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Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

595
Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is...
595
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

989
Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
989
Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

1.1K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
1.1K
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

2.8K
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function
11:35

Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function

Published on: December 8, 2010

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Oxygen Saturation or Tissue Oxygen Determinations on Skin Whose Viability is at Risk.

Mark Richardson1, Raj Mani2,3

  • 1Independent Researcher, York, England.

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds
|October 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Diabetic foot wounds, often caused by poor circulation and nerve damage, require effective tissue viability assessment. This review examines techniques for evaluating skin perfusion to aid in limb salvage and wound healing.

Keywords:
diabetic footfluorescein imagingischaemialaser Doppler flowmetryoxygen saturationskin perfusion pressuretissue oxygentissue viability

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2025

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Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Wound Care
  • Diabetic Complications

Background:

  • Diabetic foot (DF) complications, including ischaemia, neuropathy, and infection, lead to lower extremity wounds.
  • Peripheral arterial disease frequently co-exists with DF, increasing wound prevalence and management costs globally.
  • Assessing skin tissue viability is critical for limb and digit salvage in DF management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review measurement techniques for assessing skin tissue viability in lower extremity wounds.
  • To examine the merits of various techniques used to evaluate tissue oxygen, oxygen saturation, and skin imaging.
  • To discuss advances in wound management systems that restore or maintain tissue perfusion.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on tissue viability assessment techniques for diabetic foot wounds.
  • Examination of methods measuring tissue oxygen, oxygen saturation, and skin imaging.
  • Discussion of advancements in vascular surgery and wound management protocols.

Main Results:

  • Skin perfusion pressure, with a threshold of 30 mm Hg, is a key indicator for healing potential in ischaemic skin.
  • Recent vascular interventions aim to revascularize limbs, but distal wounds may remain unhealed, necessitating viability assessment.
  • Various measurement techniques provide insights into tissue oxygenation and perfusion for wound management.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate assessment of tissue viability is essential for managing diabetic foot wounds and preventing amputations.
  • Advances in technology and surgical techniques offer improved strategies for limb salvage.
  • Optimizing tissue perfusion through advanced wound management systems is crucial for promoting healing in lower extremity wounds.