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Published on: January 28, 2020
Post COVID-19 complications and follow up biomarkers
Muhammad Abdullah1, Amjed Ali2, Muhammad Usman3
1Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore Pakistan.
Insights
Post-COVID-19 syndrome affects millions, causing persistent symptoms like fatigue and cognitive issues. Understanding biomarker upregulation is key to preventing long-term complications in COVID-19 survivors.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Public Health
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant number of survivors experiencing prolonged symptoms, known as post-COVID-19 syndrome.
- An estimated 1.3 million people in the UK reported persistent symptoms lasting approximately four weeks.
- Common symptoms include fatigue, respiratory issues, cognitive impairment, and a decreased sense of smell or taste.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of specific biomarkers in the development of post-COVID-19 complications.
- To understand the mechanisms behind organ impairment and systemic complications in COVID-19 survivors.
- To identify potential therapeutic targets for preventing the worsening of post-COVID-19 conditions.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of self-reported symptoms in a large population cohort.
- Review of existing literature on the physiological impact of COVID-19.
- Identification of upregulated biomarkers, including Substance P (SP) and various cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, ACE2, CCL3).
Main Results:
- Post-COVID-19 complications frequently involve respiratory, cardiac, nervous, psychological, and musculoskeletal systems.
- Organ damage in survivors is linked to hypoxia and inflammation.
- Upregulation of SP and specific cytokines is associated with a wide range of systemic complications.
Conclusions:
- The study highlights the complex multi-systemic impact of COVID-19.
- Targeting upregulated biomarkers like SP and cytokines may be crucial for managing and preventing long-term post-COVID-19 complications.
- Further research into blocking these biomarker receptors is warranted to improve survivor care.
Abstract:
Millions of people were infected by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic, which left a huge burden on the care of post COVID-19 survivors around the globe. The self-reported COVID-19 symptoms were experienced by an estimated 1.3 million people in the United Kingdom (2% of the population), and these symptoms persisted for about 4 weeks from the beginning of the infection. The symptoms most frequently reported were exhaustion, shortness of breath, muscular discomfort, joint pain, headache, cough, chest pain, cognitive impairment, memory loss, anxiety, sleep difficulties, diarrhea, and a decreased sense of smell and taste in post-COVID-19 affected people. The post COVID-19 complications were frequently related to the respiratory, cardiac, nervous, psychological and musculoskeletal systems. The lungs, liver, kidneys, heart, brain and other organs had been impaired by hypoxia and inflammation in post COVID-19 individuals. The upregulation of substance "P" (SP) and various cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 3 (CCL3) has muddled respiratory, cardiac, neuropsychiatric, dermatological, endocrine, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, renal and genitourinary complications in post COVID-19 people. To prevent these complications from worsening, it was therefore important to study how these biomarkers were upregulated and block their receptors.
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