Gamma radiation effects on AG MP-50 cation exchange resin and sulfonated activated carbon for bismuth-213 separation

Medical ²²⁵Ac/²¹³Bi radionuclide generators are designed to provide a local supply of the short-lived ²¹³Bi for cancer treatment. However, radiation-induced damage to the sorbents commonly used in such radionuclide generators remains a major concern. In this study, the effects of gamma radiation on AG MP-50 cation exchange resin and sulfonated activated carbon (SAC) were studied by analyzing the changes in the morphological characteristics, functional groups, and the La³⁺/Bi³⁺ sorption performance, with La³⁺ being a suitable non-radioactive substitute for Ac³⁺. The surface sulfonic acid groups of AG MP-50 resin suffered from severe radiation-induced degradation, while the particle morphology was changed markedly after being exposed to absorbed doses of approximately 11 MGy. As a result, the sorption performance of irradiated AG MP-50 for La³⁺ and Bi³⁺ was significantly decreased with increasing absorbed doses. In contrast, no apparent changes in acquired morphological characteristics were observed for pristine and irradiated SAC based on SEM and XRD characterization. The surface oxygen content (e.g., O-C[double bond, length as m-dash]O) of irradiated SAC increased for an absorbed dose of 11 MGy due to free radical-induced oxidation. The sorption performance of pristine and irradiated SAC materials for La³⁺ and Bi³⁺ remained generally the same at pH values of 1 and 2. Furthermore, the applicability of AG MP-50 and SAC in the ²²⁵Ac/²¹³Bi generators was illustrated in terms of their radiolytic stability. This study provides further evidence for the practical implementation of both AG MP-50 and SAC in ²²⁵Ac/²¹³Bi radionuclide generators.