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Asymmetry in Class II subdivision malocclusion: Assessment based on 3D surface models.

Regina C Sencak1, Erika Benavides2, Lucia Cevidanes1

  • 1Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research
|October 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Class II subdivision malocclusions involve both skeletal and dental asymmetries. Findings indicate a shorter mandible and molar position discrepancies contribute to this condition.

Keywords:
3D image analysisCBCTClass IIasymmetrymalocclusion

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Dental Anatomy
  • Craniofacial Development

Background:

  • The etiology of Class II subdivision malocclusions remains debated, with no consensus on whether it is dental, skeletal, or a combination.
  • Understanding the underlying asymmetries is crucial for effective treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and quantify skeletal and dental asymmetries in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans from 33 patients.
  • Constructed 3D volumetric label maps and performed landmark identification.
  • Registered and mirrored scans to quantify 3D differences in craniofacial structures.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant skeletal asymmetries in the anterior cranial base, maxilla, and mandible, including mandibular length and yaw.
  • Detected dental asymmetries related to maxillary and mandibular first molar positioning.
  • Found moderate correlations between the antero-posterior molar relationship and skeletal asymmetries.

Conclusions:

  • Class II subdivisions arise from a combination of significant skeletal and dental factors.
  • Skeletal factors include mandibular shortening and posterior/superior fossa displacement, leading to mandibular yaw.
  • Dental factors involve antero-posterior asymmetry in maxillary and mandibular first molar positions.