Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

1.1K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
1.1K
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

462
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
462
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

786
Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
786
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

322
Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
322
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

596
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
596
Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

638
Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
638

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Temperature Cycling Induced Deracemization of <i>p</i>-Synephrine in the Presence of Degradation.

ACS omega·2024
Same author

Directed assembly of genetically engineered eukaryotic cells into living functional materials via ultrahigh-affinity protein interactions.

Science advances·2022
Same author

Staged Assembly of Colloids Using DNA and Acoustofluidics.

Nano letters·2022
Same author

Characterization of Single-Cell Osmotic Swelling Dynamics for New Physical Biomarkers.

Analytical chemistry·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Optimizing the Growth of Endothiapepsin Crystals for Serial Crystallography Experiments
09:52

Optimizing the Growth of Endothiapepsin Crystals for Serial Crystallography Experiments

Published on: February 4, 2021

2.3K

An In Vitro Model for Cocrystal Dissolution with Simultaneous Surface and Bulk Precipitation.

Nethrue Pramuditha Mendis1, Richard Lakerveld1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.

Molecular Pharmaceutics
|October 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a new model to predict drug precipitation during cocrystal dissolution. The model accurately describes dissolution-supersaturation-precipitation (DSP) behavior, aiding drug formulation design.

Keywords:
cocrystaldissolution modelingdrug solubility enhancementprecipitationsupersaturation

More Related Videos

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

5.5K
Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
09:15

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering

Published on: August 14, 2018

10.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Optimizing the Growth of Endothiapepsin Crystals for Serial Crystallography Experiments
09:52

Optimizing the Growth of Endothiapepsin Crystals for Serial Crystallography Experiments

Published on: February 4, 2021

2.3K
Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

5.5K
Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
09:15

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering

Published on: August 14, 2018

10.5K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Cocrystals can improve drug solubility but often lead to precipitation during dissolution.
  • This precipitation limits drug concentration and bioavailability.
  • Existing models lack explicit consideration of surface precipitation effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a predictive in vitro model for cocrystal dissolution-supersaturation-precipitation (DSP) behavior.
  • To explicitly account for surface precipitation in cocrystal dissolution modeling.
  • To aid in drug development and formulation design by understanding DSP processes.

Main Methods:

  • A population balance-based model was developed to describe cocrystal dissolution, surface precipitation, and bulk precipitation.
  • Dissolution experiments using carbamazepine-succinic acid cocrystals were performed for model development and validation.
  • The model was integrated with numerical optimization for parameter identification.

Main Results:

  • The developed model successfully captured key experimental trends in cocrystal dissolution-supersaturation-precipitation (DSP).
  • It accurately predicted dose-dependent DSP behavior beyond the initial regression dataset.
  • Surface precipitation was identified as a critical factor in the model's accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • The population balance model provides an accurate description of in vitro cocrystal DSP behavior.
  • Accounting for surface precipitation is essential for realistic modeling of cocrystal dissolution.
  • The model can guide the optimization of cocrystal formulations for improved drug delivery.