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Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Fabrication of a Biomimetic Nano-Matrix with Janus Base Nanotubes and Fibronectin for Stem Cell Adhesion
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Multifunctional nacre-like materials.

Zizhen Ding1,2, Travis Klein1,2, Christopher Barner-Kowollik3,4,5

  • 1School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000 Brisbane, QLD, Australia. mohammad.mirkhalaf@qut.edu.au.

Materials Horizons
|October 26, 2023
PubMed
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Researchers are creating advanced nacre-like materials with enhanced strength and new functionalities. Recent progress focuses on fabrication, mechanics, and multi-functionality for diverse applications.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomimetics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nacre, the iridescent inner layer of seashells, exhibits remarkable strength and toughness due to its unique 'brick-wall' architecture.
  • Replicating nacre's structure and properties is a significant area of research for developing advanced materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review recent progress (past three years) in the fabrication, mechanics, and multi-functionality of nacre-like materials.
  • To evaluate the mechanical properties and incorporated functionalities of these biomimetic materials.
  • To identify future directions for creating reprogrammable nacre-like components.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fabrication techniques including 3D printing, freeze-casting, mixing/coating-assembling, and laser engraving.

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  • Analysis of mechanical properties in comparison to natural nacre and previous mimics.
  • Evaluation of incorporated functionalities (self-healing, sensing, bioactivity, etc.) and their resulting properties.

    • Main Results:

    • Advancements in fabrication techniques enable the creation of nacre-like materials with tailored architectures.
    • New nacre mimics demonstrate improved mechanical performance and a range of added functionalities.
    • Progress has been made in understanding the structure-property relationships for these biomimetic materials.

    Conclusions:

    • Continued development in fabrication and multi-functionality is crucial for nacre-like materials.
    • Integration of advanced modeling and 3D/4D printing holds promise for creating complex, reprogrammable nacre-inspired components.
    • Addressing challenges in science and translation will enable wider application of these advanced biomaterials.