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Simultaneous quantification of perfusion, permeability, and leakage effects in brain gliomas using dynamic
Francesco Sanvito1,2,3, Catalina Raymond1,2, Nicholas S Cho1,2,4,5
1UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, University of California Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
Objective:
To determine the feasibility and biologic correlations of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC), dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE), and quantitative maps derived from contrast leakage effects obtained simultaneously in gliomas using dynamic spin-and-gradient-echo echoplanar imaging (dynamic SAGE-EPI) during a single contrast injection.
Materials And Methods:
Thirty-eight patients with enhancing brain gliomas were prospectively imaged with dynamic SAGE-EPI, which was processed to compute traditional DSC metrics (normalized relative cerebral blood flow [nrCBV], percentage of signal recovery [PSR]), DCE metrics (volume transfer constant [Ktrans], extravascular compartment [ve]), and leakage effect metrics: ΔR2,ss* (reflecting T2*-leakage effects), ΔR1,ss (reflecting T1-leakage effects), and the transverse relaxivity at tracer equilibrium (TRATE, reflecting the balance between ΔR2,ss* and ΔR1,ss). These metrics were compared between patient subgroups (treatment-naïve [TN] vs recurrent [R]) and biological features (IDH status, Ki67 expression).
Results:
In IDH wild-type gliomas (IDHwt-i.e., glioblastomas), previous exposure to treatment determined lower TRATE (p = 0.002), as well as higher PSR (p = 0.006), Ktrans (p = 0.17), ΔR1,ss (p = 0.035), ve (p = 0.006), and ADC (p = 0.016). In IDH-mutant gliomas (IDHm), previous treatment determined higher Ktrans and ΔR1,ss (p = 0.026). In TN-gliomas, dynamic SAGE-EPI metrics tended to be influenced by IDH status (p ranging 0.09-0.14). TRATE values above 142 mM-1s-1 were exclusively seen in TN-IDHwt, and, in TN-gliomas, this cutoff had 89% sensitivity and 80% specificity as a predictor of Ki67 > 10%.
Conclusions:
Dynamic SAGE-EPI enables simultaneous quantification of brain tumor perfusion and permeability, as well as mapping of novel metrics related to cytoarchitecture (TRATE) and blood-brain barrier disruption (ΔR1,ss), with a single contrast injection.
Clinical Relevance Statement:
Simultaneous DSC and DCE analysis with dynamic SAGE-EPI reduces scanning time and contrast dose, respectively alleviating concerns about imaging protocol length and gadolinium adverse effects and accumulation, while providing novel leakage effect metrics reflecting blood-brain barrier disruption and tumor tissue cytoarchitecture.
Key Points:
• Traditionally, perfusion and permeability imaging for brain tumors requires two separate contrast injections and acquisitions. • Dynamic spin-and-gradient-echo echoplanar imaging enables simultaneous perfusion and permeability imaging. • Dynamic spin-and-gradient-echo echoplanar imaging provides new image contrasts reflecting blood-brain barrier disruption and cytoarchitecture characteristics.
