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Updated: Jul 12, 2025

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Breastfeeding Disparities Among Rural Breastfeeding Dyads in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Study.

Natsuko K Wood1, Rebecca A Penders2, Ann M Dyer3

  • 1Washington State University College of Nursing, Nursing & Systems Science Department, Spokane, Washington, USA.

Breastfeeding Medicine : the Official Journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
|October 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Low breastfeeding rates in rural high-income countries affect mothers and infants. Modifiable factors like support and policy can improve breastfeeding exclusivity and duration.

Keywords:
breastfeedingdurationexclusivityhealth disparitiesnewbornrural mothers

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Maternal and Child Health
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Low breastfeeding initiation and exclusivity pose risks to rural mothers and infants.
  • Disparities in breastfeeding impact maternal and infant morbidity, mortality, and economic costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify determinants of breastfeeding disparities in rural dyads within high-income countries.
  • Determine modifiable factors influencing these disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping study utilizing the Arksey and O'Malley framework.
  • Literature review of studies published between 2012-2022 from PubMed, CINAHL Complete, Embase, and APA PsycInfo.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-five studies included; rural mothers exhibit distinct demographic and health profiles compared to urban counterparts.
  • Significant breastfeeding disparities exist across racial and ethnic groups in rural settings.
  • Identified modifiable factors include maternal preparedness, breastfeeding challenges, lifestyle, support systems, workplace policies, and technology-based interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Despite universal breastfeeding challenges, rural dyads in high-income countries require targeted support.
  • Improving resource allocation and access to care is crucial.
  • Patient-centered technology interventions show promise in mitigating rural breastfeeding barriers.