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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are long and linear polymers comprising of specific repeating disaccharides - the amino sugar that can be N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, and a uronic acid that is usually glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
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Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
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Differentiation and Characterization of Osteoclasts from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Glycobiology in osteoclast differentiation and function.

Shufa Yang1, Ziyi He2, Tuo Wu2

  • 1Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China.

Bone Research
|October 26, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glycans regulate cell functions, including bone remodeling. Understanding glycosylation in osteoclast biology offers new therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Glycobiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Glycans and glycan-binding proteins are crucial for cell regulation.
  • Bone mass is regulated by osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
  • Aberrant osteoclast activity contributes to bone diseases, particularly in cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the process of bone resorption.
  • To investigate glycosylation-mediated signaling in osteoclast biology.
  • To explore potential glycobiology-focused therapeutics for bone diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of glycosylation, osteoclastogenesis, and bone resorption.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involving glycans in osteoclasts.
  • Synthesis of current understanding and future therapeutic directions.

Main Results:

  • Glycosylation plays a significant role in osteoclast differentiation and function.
  • Specific glycosylation patterns influence osteoclast activity and bone resorption.
  • Targeting glycosylation pathways presents a promising therapeutic avenue.

Conclusions:

  • Glycosylation is a key regulator of osteoclast biology and bone homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of glycosylation contributes to pathological bone resorption.
  • Glycobiology-based therapies hold potential for managing bone diseases.