RNA modification in cardiovascular disease: implications for therapeutic interventions

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genetics
• Cardiology

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global cause of mortality, with a concerning trend towards younger populations.
• RNA modifications are vital for cellular homeostasis and gene expression regulation.
• Dysregulated RNA modifications are implicated in the pathogenesis of CVD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the roles of nine common RNA modifications in cardiovascular disease.
• To explore the mechanisms linking RNA modifications to CVD occurrence and progression.
• To discuss potential therapeutic strategies and future research directions for RNA modification-based CVD treatments.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), N4-acetylcytosine (ac4C), pseudouridine (Ψ), uridylation, adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, and tRNA wobble modifications.
• Analysis of how RNA modification regulators affect gene expression processes (splicing, maturation, transport, stability, translation).
• Discussion of CVD classification-based mechanisms and therapeutic strategies, including gene therapy.

Main Results:

• Summarizes key regulators of RNA modification and their impact on gene expression.
• Details mechanisms of CVD development and progression driven by specific RNA modifications.
• Reviews current and potential therapeutic interventions targeting RNA modifications in CVD.

Conclusions:

• RNA modifications play a significant role in cardiovascular disease, offering novel therapeutic targets.
• Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and clinical applications of RNA modifications in CVD.
• Facilitating clinical translation requires continued exploration of these molecular pathways.