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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

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Fabricating Shaped and Patterned Supramolecular Multigelator Objects via Diffusion-Adhesion Gel Assembly.

Chayanan Tangsombun¹, David K Smith¹

¹Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|October 27, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists developed acid-diffusion to create core-shell supramolecular gel beads. This method allows patterned 3D gel fabrication with embedded metal nanoparticles for applications in soft nanoelectronics and regenerative medicine.

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Area of Science:

Supramolecular chemistry
Materials science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Core-shell supramolecular gel beads are assembled using low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs).
Acid diffusion is a key trigger for controlled gel assembly.
Metal nanoparticles (NPs) can be incorporated into gel structures for functional applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a novel acid-diffusion method for assembling core-shell supramolecular gel beads.
To demonstrate the fabrication of patterned 3D gel structures with embedded metal nanoparticles.
To explore the potential applications of these dynamic gel objects in soft nanoelectronics and regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

Utilized acid diffusion from a core (agarose, DBS-CONHNH2, acetic acid) to trigger shell assembly (DBS-COOH).
Incorporated metal nanoparticles (AuNPs, AgNPs) into the gel core via in situ reduction.
Employed diffusion-adhesion assembly and layer-by-layer techniques for 3D object fabrication.
Used basic DBS-carboxylate beads as proton sinks to create imprinted 3D architectures.

Main Results:

Successfully assembled core-shell supramolecular gel beads with controlled shell growth via acid diffusion.
Demonstrated the ability to pattern gel structures and fabricate 3D objects using diffusion-adhesion assembly.
Fabricated imprinted 3D multigel architectures by utilizing proton sink beads as templates.
Successfully embedded gold and silver nanoparticles within the gel cores at defined locations.

Conclusions:

The acid-diffusion method enables dynamic fabrication of shaped and patterned gels.
This approach allows precise spatial control over gel assembly and nanoparticle incorporation.
The resulting functionalized gel objects hold promise for next-generation applications in soft nanoelectronics and regenerative medicine.