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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Monitoring PD-1-Blocking Antibodies Bound to T Cells Derived from a Drop of Peripheral Blood
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Hyperprogressive Disease (HPD) in Solid Tumours Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in a Real-World Setting.

Yada Kanjanapan1,2, Geetha Guduguntla3, Ashwati Krishnan Varikara4

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia.

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment
|October 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) occurred in 13% of patients receiving cancer immunotherapy, indicating accelerated tumor growth. Liver metastases, not TILs or PD-L1 status, were associated with HPD risk and survival outcomes.

Keywords:
PD-1PD-L1checkpoint inhibitorhyperprogressionhyperprogressive diseaseimmunotherapytumor infiltrating lymphocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) is a severe complication of cancer immunotherapy, characterized by accelerated tumor growth and poor prognosis.
  • The incidence of HPD varies (6-29%), with no established predictive biomarkers.
  • Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) show prognostic value in immunotherapy, but their role in HPD is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of HPD in solid tumor patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in a real-world setting.
  • To identify clinicopathological features, including TILs and PD-L1 status, as potential biomarkers for HPD.
  • To assess the association between HPD and overall survival.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of solid tumor patients treated with ICIs.
  • Assessment of HPD using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria with modified definitions.
  • Correlation of HPD with clinicopathological factors including TILs and PD-L1 status from archival tumor samples.

Main Results:

  • HPD was observed in 13% of patients (11/87), associated with significantly inferior overall survival (5.5 vs. 18.3 months).
  • Multivariate analysis identified liver metastases (HR 4.66) and PD-L1 status (HR 0.53) as significant survival predictors.
  • Liver metastases correlated with HPD occurrence (P=.01), while age, sex, immunotherapy type, TILs, and PD-L1 status did not predict HPD.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms a 13% prevalence of HPD in real-world ICI-treated patients, consistent with prior reports.
  • HPD assessment is feasible outside clinical trials using defined imaging criteria.
  • Liver metastases are associated with HPD risk, whereas TILs and PD-L1 status are not predictive of HPD in this cohort.