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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Solubility03:00

Solubility

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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
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Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents01:16

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Most acid-base titrations are performed in an aqueous medium. In aqueous titrations, water competes with weaker acids or bases for proton donation or acceptance, leading to ambiguous endpoints in the titration curve. Water also affects the partial ionization of weak acids or bases. For example, water accepts a proton from acetic acid to form hydronium and acetate ions. The hydronium ion formed is a stronger acid than acetic acid, and the acetate ion is a stronger base than water. As a result,...
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Enthalpy of Solution02:39

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There are two criteria that favor, but do not guarantee, the spontaneous formation of a solution:
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH01:21

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Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
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Extraction and Characterization of Surfactants from Atmospheric Aerosols
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Simple method for quantification of anionic biosurfactants in aqueous solutions.

Gabriele Sass1, Marie-Christine Groleau2, Eric Déziel2

  • 1California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|October 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

We developed a simple paper-based assay to quantify biosurfactants by measuring their surface tension reduction. This method accurately detects various anionic microbial surfactants in aqueous solutions and bacterial cultures.

Keywords:
BurkholderiaPseudomonasassaybiosurfactantquantificationrhamnolipids

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Biosurfactants are versatile microbial compounds with applications in cleaning, emulsification, and dispersion.
  • Current detection and quantification methods for biosurfactants include colorimetric tests, HPLC, and surface tension measurements.
  • A simple, accessible method for biosurfactant quantification is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel, simple paper-based assay for quantifying biosurfactants.
  • To validate the assay using various anionic microbial surfactants.
  • To demonstrate the assay's utility in monitoring biosurfactant production in bacterial cultures.

Main Methods:

  • A new method quantifying biosurfactants based on their ability to reduce surface tension on paper, causing droplet dispersion on an oiled surface.
  • Validation using rhamnolipids, surfactin, sophorolipids, and ananatoside B.
  • Testing on cultures of *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* and *Burkholderia thailandensis*, including relevant mutants.

Main Results:

  • The assay demonstrated a linear quantification range of 10–500 µM for tested anionic microbial surfactants.
  • Time-dependent biosurfactant accumulation was observed in *P. aeruginosa* and *B. thailandensis* cultures.
  • Mutants deficient in biosurfactant production exhibited negligible activity with the assay.

Conclusions:

  • The developed paper-based assay offers a simple and accessible method for quantifying diverse biosurfactants in aqueous solutions.
  • This assay is suitable for monitoring microbial biosurfactant production in laboratory settings.
  • The method provides a valuable tool for researchers working with microbial surfactants.