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Cardiovascular changes in prolonged space flights.

O G Gazenko, E B Shulzhenko, A D Egorov

    Acta Physiologica Polonica
    |March 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Cardiovascular function adapts to microgravity during long space flights. Heart rate increases, stroke volume decreases, and the heart shows altered load responses, considered adaptive reactions to spaceflight.

    Area of Science:

    • Space medicine
    • Cardiovascular physiology
    • Human adaptation to microgravity

    Background:

    • Prolonged manned space flights pose challenges to cardiovascular function.
    • Understanding physiological adaptations is crucial for astronaut health and mission success.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine cardiovascular function changes during and after prolonged space missions.
    • To identify adaptive cardiovascular responses to microgravity and associated physiological factors.

    Main Methods:

    • Cardiovascular function assessed at rest and during provocative tests (e.g., LBNP, exercise).
    • Comparison of in-flight data with pre-flight baseline measurements.
    • Analysis of heart rate, stroke volume, and myocardial loading conditions.

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    Main Results:

    • Elevated resting and LBNP-induced heart rate observed.
    • Decreased stroke volume at rest and during LBNP tests.
    • Altered myocardial loading: hypodynamics during LBNP (preload) and hyperdynamics during exercise (afterload).

    Conclusions:

    • Observed cardiovascular changes are primarily adaptive responses to microgravity.
    • Key contributing factors include cephalad fluid shifts, reduced muscle pump activity, and cardiopulmonary unloading reflexes.
    • Cardiovascular adaptations generally did not worsen with increased flight duration.