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Biomolecular condensates form spatially inhomogeneous network fluids.

Furqan Dar1,2, Samuel R Cohen1,3,2, Diana M Mitrea4

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Biomolecular condensates function as network fluids with varied densities, impacting molecular dynamics. This structure, revealed by advanced techniques, offers insights into cellular organization.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Biomolecular condensates' material properties, crucial for function, depend on their internal structure.
  • Characterizing condensate structure is difficult, limiting understanding of their organization.

Approach:

  • Combined small angle neutron scattering, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Developed model condensates mimicking nucleolar granular components (GCs).

Key Points:

  • GC models exhibit network fluid characteristics with spatial inhomogeneities across multiple length scales.
  • Distinct protein and peptide domains contribute to the observed multiscale structure.
  • Inhomogeneous organization shows coexisting liquid- and gas-like densities, leading to bimodal molecular dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Model condensates display network fluid behavior similar to associative colloidal systems.
  • Multiscale structural insights advance understanding of condensate material properties and function.