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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Self-report versus performance based executive functioning in people with psychotic disorders.

B C van Aken1,2, R Rietveld1, A I Wierdsma1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Epidemiological and Social Psychiatric Research Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Schizophrenia Research. Cognition
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Summary

Performance-based and self-report measures of executive functioning assess distinct aspects of cognition in patients with psychotic disorders. These measures show different associations with neurocognition, symptoms, and daily functioning, highlighting their unique contributions.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Executive functioning is crucial in daily life and often assessed via performance-based and self-report measures.
  • These two measurement types frequently show low correlation, suggesting they capture different facets of executive functioning.
  • Understanding these differences is vital, particularly in clinical populations like those with psychotic disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct associations of performance-based (Tower of London; TOL) and self-report (Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning Adult version; BRIEF-A) executive functioning measures.
  • To examine these associations in relation to neurocognitive functions, psychotic symptoms, and daily life outcomes in patients with psychotic disorders.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study of 301 patients with psychotic disorders (UP'S study).
  • Utilized the TOL for performance-based executive functioning and the BRIEF-A for self-reported executive functioning.
  • Generalized linear models analyzed associations with other neurocognitive measures (BACS), symptom scales (PANSS-R, GAD-7, PHQ-9), and functional outcomes (WHODAS 2.0).

Main Results:

  • The TOL demonstrated significant associations with various neurocognitive measures, including verbal list learning, digit sequencing, and intelligence.
  • The BRIEF-A was not associated with other neurocognitive measures but showed significant associations with psychotic symptoms (PANSS-R), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), and all domains of daily functioning (WHODAS 2.0).

Conclusions:

  • Performance-based and self-report measures of executive functioning capture different underlying constructs.
  • These distinct measures have differential associations with neurocognition, symptomatology, and functional outcomes in individuals with psychotic disorders.
  • The findings underscore the importance of using both types of measures for a comprehensive assessment of executive functioning.