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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

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Biomarkers in Systemic Sclerosis: An Overview.

Giuseppe Di Maggio1, Paola Confalonieri1, Francesco Salton1

  • 1Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy.

Current Issues in Molecular Biology
|October 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) involves fibrosis and vascular damage. Biomarkers like antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are crucial for understanding and treating this complex autoimmune disease.

Keywords:
autoimmune diseasechemokinesinterleukinessystemic sclerosis (SSc)

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease causing fibrosis and vascular damage in organs.
  • Over 240 pathways and numerous dysregulated proteins are implicated, highlighting the complexity of SSc biomarkers.
  • Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-centromere, and anti-topoisomerase I antibodies are established biomarkers in SSc.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight the diverse biomarker molecules, pathways, and receptors involved in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) pathology.
  • To emphasize the evolving role of biomarkers in SSc diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) biomarkers.
  • Analysis of pathways, proteins, antibodies, and genetic factors implicated in SSc.
  • Identification of key molecules involved in fibrosis and vascular damage.

Main Results:

  • Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is central to the fibrotic process in SSc.
  • Several proteins (IRF5, IRAK-1, CTGF, STAT4, NLRP1) and genetic factors (DRB1 alleles) are implicated in SSc.
  • Elevated interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-22, IL-35) and chemokines (CCL 2, 5, 23; CXC 9, 10, 16) are observed, while adiponectin and maresin 1 are reduced.

Conclusions:

  • Biomarkers are essential for understanding Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) pathogenesis.
  • The complexity of SSc biomarkers necessitates continued research for improved diagnosis and treatment.
  • Future therapeutic approaches for SSc will increasingly rely on identified biomarker profiles.