RETRACTED: Empowering Low- and Middle-Income Countries to Combat AMR by Minimal Use of Antibiotics: A Way Forward

Area of Science:

• Global Health
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health Policy

Background:

• Antibiotic overuse is a critical global health concern, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
• Weak healthcare infrastructure, limited access to quality services, and inadequate diagnostic capabilities exacerbate the problem in LMICs.
• The rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates urgent strategies to curb overuse.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the multifaceted factors contributing to antibiotic overuse in LMICs.
• To identify and propose comprehensive strategies for combating antibiotic overuse in these regions.
• To emphasize the need for a collaborative and multi-pronged approach.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on antibiotic use patterns and resistance in LMICs.
• Analysis of healthcare system deficiencies, regulatory gaps, and diagnostic limitations.
• Synthesis of evidence-based interventions for antibiotic stewardship.

Main Results:

• Key drivers of overuse include poor healthcare infrastructure, lack of diagnostic tools, and non-prescription sales.
• Effective interventions include regulatory frameworks, point-of-care diagnostics, and stewardship programs.
• Vaccine promotion, improved hygiene, and sanitation are vital complementary strategies.

Conclusions:

• Combating antibiotic overuse in LMICs demands significant improvements in healthcare infrastructure and diagnostic capacity.
• Implementing robust regulatory measures, promoting stewardship programs, and expanding vaccine use are crucial.
• A collaborative effort involving healthcare professionals, policymakers, researchers, and educators is essential for sustainable change.