Salvage of the congested nipple during reduction mammoplasty

It is not uncommon following reduction mammoplasty that the nipple-areola vasularity becomes compromised. If simple maneuvers do not restore circulation, then a free nipple graft becomes mandatory to minimize morbidity. Occasionally, nipple congestion that recurs as the areola is inset might best be managed by delayed closure. The advantages of this technique are described.