Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) for Photoelectrochemical CO₂ Reduction: Efficiency, Selectivity, and Stability

Massive emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) have caused environmental issues like global warming, which needs to be addressed. Researchers have developed numerous methods to reduce CO₂ emissions. Among these, photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO₂ reduction is a promising method for mitigating CO₂ emissions. Recently, Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) has been recognized as good photocathode candidate in PEC systems for CO₂ reduction due to its earth abundance and non-toxicity, as well as its favourable optical/electrical properties. The performance of PEC CO₂ reduction can be evaluated based on its efficiency, selectivity, and stability, which are significantly influenced by the photocathode materials. As a result, researchers have applied various strategies to improve the performance of CZTS photocathodes, including band structure engineering and surface catalytic site engineering. This review provides an overview of advanced methods to enhance the PEC systems for CO₂ reduction, focusing on CZTS.