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Injectable In Situ Crosslinking Hydrogel for Autologous Fat Grafting.

Kristin Oskarsdotter1, Catherine T Nordgård2, Peter Apelgren1,3

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Injectable hydrogels made from tunicate nanocellulose and alginate improve fat grafting outcomes. While in situ crosslinking shows promise, ex situ crosslinking via 3D bioprinting offers superior shape retention for fat grafts.

Keywords:
3D bioprintingalginatein situ crosslinkingnanocellulosesoft tissue reconstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Autologous fat grafting faces challenges with unpredictable resorption, limiting its clinical success.
  • Hydrogels composed of enzymatically pretreated tunicate nanocellulose (ETC) and alginate (ALG) offer biocompatibility and support cell survival.
  • Developing stable, injectable fat grafts is crucial for improving fat grafting outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare in situ and ex situ crosslinking methods for ETC/ALG hydrogels combined with lipoaspirate human adipose tissue (LAT).
  • To evaluate the dimensional stability and cell survival of injectable hydrogel-fat grafts in vivo.
  • To assess the potential of CaCO3 microparticles (CMPs) for in situ hydrogel crosslinking.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of ETC/ALG hydrogels for injectable formulations.
  • In situ crosslinking using CaCO3 microparticles (CMPs) or physiological Ca2+.
  • Ex situ crosslinking of hydrogels followed by 3D bioprinting of fat grafts.
  • In vitro characterization of hydrogel stiffness.
  • In vivo assessment of graft shape retention and cell survival after 30 days.

Main Results:

  • In vitro optimization yielded an in situ CMP-crosslinking system with stiffness comparable to ex situ-crosslinked gels.
  • Ex situ crosslinked, 3D-bioprinted grafts demonstrated superior shape retention in vivo compared to in situ crosslinked grafts after 30 days.
  • In situ crosslinking with CMPs improved fat cell distribution and survival compared to using physiological Ca2+ alone.
  • In situ crosslinking using CMPs showed potential for enhancing dimensional stability of injectable fat-hydrogel grafts.

Conclusions:

  • Ex situ crosslinking combined with 3D bioprinting provides superior shape stability for fat-hydrogel grafts in vivo.
  • In situ crosslinking using CMPs offers a promising approach to improve injectable fat graft stability and cell survival.
  • Further optimization of in situ crosslinking strategies may enhance the clinical applicability of injectable fat grafting formulations.