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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.4K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
2.4K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.0K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.0K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.4K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
1.4K
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

1.8K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
1.8K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.1K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

990
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
990

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Stable Aqueous Suspensions of Manganese Ferrite Clusters with Tunable Nanoscale Dimension and Composition
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Unraveling Exchange Coupling in Ferrites Nano-Heterostructures.

Pierfrancesco Maltoni1, Gianni Barucca2, Bogdan Rutkowski3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, Uppsala, 751 03, Sweden.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study explores magnetic coupling in strontium hexaferrite/cobalt ferrite nanocomposites. Researchers found evidence of exchange interactions and determined the critical thickness for uniform magnetic reversal in these advanced materials.

Keywords:
exchange-couplingferritesinterfacesmagnetic compositespermanent magnets

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Magnetism

Background:

  • Strontium hexaferrite (SrFe 12 O 19 ) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) are important magnetic materials.
  • Understanding magnetic coupling in their nanocomposites is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the magnetic coupling in SrFe 12 O 19 /CoFe 2 O 4 nanocomposites.
  • To determine the critical thickness for magnetically exchange-coupled interfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Advanced electron microscopy for structural analysis.
  • Magnetic measurements including remanence, first-order reversal curves (FORCs), and relaxation.
  • X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectrometry for material characterization.

Main Results:

  • Structural coherence and texture at the interfaces were confirmed.
  • Exchange intergranular interaction was evidenced.
  • The critical thickness for uniform reversal of coupled interfaces was unraveled.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides insights into the magnetic coupling mechanisms in SrFe 12 O 19 /CoFe 2 O 4 nanocomposites.
  • Findings are crucial for designing materials with tailored magnetic properties.