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Related Concept Videos

Attitudes01:54

Attitudes

28.4K
Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
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Stereotype Content Model02:16

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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
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Surveys02:16

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep
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Methods to develop and evaluate attitudinal scales to measure farmer perceptions: Using sheep scab as an example.

Alice E O Smith1, Charlotte Doidge1, Fiona Lovatt1

  • 1School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK.

Preventive Veterinary Medicine
|October 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study assessed British sheep farmers' attitudes towards sheep scab management. Findings reveal key factors influencing control, emphasizing the need for robust scale evaluation in veterinary research.

Keywords:
AttitudesExploratory Factor AnalysisItem Response TheoryMeasurement ScalesSheep ScabSurvey

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Science
  • Agricultural Science
  • Social Science Research Methods

Background:

  • Limited understanding exists regarding British sheep farmers' attitudes and opinions on sheep scab prevention and management.
  • Attitudes, as latent traits, require indirect measurement using validated scales, which are often unevaluated in veterinary research.
  • Sheep scab remains a significant concern in sheep farming, necessitating research into farmer perceptions for effective control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and assess latent traits influencing sheep scab control among British sheep farmers.
  • To evaluate the performance of attitudinal measurement scales using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and item response theory (IRT).
  • To provide insights into factors affecting sheep scab management and the psychometric properties of relevant survey scales.

Main Methods:

  • An online survey distributed to 726 British sheep farmers (725 usable responses) in October 2021.
  • Inclusion of 37 belief statements, adapted from prior research, to capture farmer attitudes towards sheep scab management.
  • Application of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for initial scale assessment, followed by item response theory (IRT) for in-depth evaluation using graded response models.

Main Results:

  • Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the attitudinal scales performed reasonably well.
  • Item response theory analysis demonstrated the scales' ability to differentiate respondents based on perceptions of control, responsibility, trust, and luck.
  • Graphical evaluation of graded response models confirmed the utility of the scales in distinguishing farmer attitudes.

Conclusions:

  • The study identified crucial factors influencing sheep scab management, including perceptions of control, responsibility, trust, and luck.
  • The research underscores the importance of rigorously evaluating attitudinal scales, beyond EFA, for their psychometric performance in research.
  • Findings contribute to a better understanding of farmer attitudes, informing future strategies for sheep scab control and the development of validated measurement tools.