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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

27.0K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
27.0K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

2.3K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

4.6K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
4.6K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.1K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
12.1K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

7.8K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
7.8K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.3K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.3K

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Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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Energy-efficient CO2/CO interconversion by homogeneous copper-based molecular catalysts.

Somnath Guria1, Dependu Dolui1, Chandan Das1

  • 1Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.

Nature Communications
|October 27, 2023
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Summary

Researchers created a synthetic catalyst mimicking the CODH enzyme for efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion. This molecular copper complex enables reversible CO2 reduction and CO oxidation, crucial for net-zero carbon goals.

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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Green Chemistry
  • Bioinorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Efficient conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to valuable carbon feedstocks is essential for achieving net-zero carbon emissions.
  • Synthetic catalysts often struggle with energy efficiency and selectivity in CO2 reduction.
  • Natural enzymes like carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) offer a blueprint for effective CO2 transformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a synthetic molecular catalyst that mimics the CODH enzyme for efficient and selective CO2 reduction.
  • To investigate the mechanism of reversible CO2 reduction and CO oxidation driven by a molecular complex.
  • To explore the role of peripheral functional groups in modulating catalytic activity in different media.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of a molecular copper complex coordinated by redox-active ligands.
  • Incorporation of proton-exchanging amine groups into the ligand periphery.
  • Detailed spectroelectrochemical analysis to elucidate the catalytic mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of a synthetic molecular complex driving reversible CO2 reduction and CO oxidation, mimicking natural enzymes.
  • Modulation of catalytic bias towards CO2 reduction or CO oxidation by adjusting amine groups and media (organic/aqueous).
  • Evidence of synchronous participation of copper, redox-active ligands, and amines in the energy-efficient catalytic cycle.

Conclusions:

  • The developed copper complex offers a novel, energy-efficient pathway for CO2 conversion, inspired by the CODH enzyme.
  • This catalytic system shows potential for reducing carbon footprints in industrial processes.
  • The strategy of using redox-active ligands and peripheral functional groups provides a versatile platform for designing CO2-utilizing catalysts.