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A Narrative Review of the Association between Prematurity and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and

Yarden S Fraiman1, Genevieve Guyol2, Dolores Acevedo-Garcia3

  • 1Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Preterm birth increases the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review explores prematurity

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Preterm birth is a significant risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood neurobehavioral disorder.
  • Prematurity and ADHD impact multiple life domains in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between prematurity and ADHD.
  • To introduce the "ADHD Care Cascade" framework for service access.
  • To examine racial and ethnic inequities in preterm birth and ADHD care.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Development of the "ADHD Care Cascade" model.
  • Life-course approach to analyze layered inequities.

Main Results:

  • Established link between prematurity and increased ADHD risk.
  • Identified disparities in healthcare access for ADHD.
  • Highlighted how cumulative inequities exacerbate neurodevelopmental impacts.

Conclusions:

  • Prematurity poses a substantial risk for ADHD.
  • The "ADHD Care Cascade" illustrates critical points for intervention.
  • Addressing racial and ethnic inequities is crucial for vulnerable children's outcomes.

Keywords:
ADHDattention deficit/hyperactivity disorderlife-courseprematuritypreterm birth

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