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"Are You a Boy or a Girl?"-A Missing Response Analysis
Andreas Heinz1, András Költő2, Ashley B Taylor3
1Department of Health, IU International University of Applied Sciences, Juri-Gagarin Ring 152, 99084 Erfurt, Germany.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 28, 2023
Summary
Adolescent surveys show gender non-responders skip more questions and report poorer health. This highlights the need for inclusive methods to capture gender identity in youth research.
Area of Science:
- Adolescent Health
- Survey Methodology
- Gender Studies
Background:
- Adolescent health surveys commonly use binary male/female gender questions.
- Non-response to gender questions may stem from fear of de-anonymization or gender nonconformity.
- Understanding reasons for non-response is crucial for accurate data collection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the frequency and reasons for non-response to gender questions in adolescent surveys.
- To compare health and response patterns between responders, age non-responders, and gender non-responders.
- To inform more nuanced approaches for measuring sex assigned at birth and gender identity.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from 54,833 adolescents (aged 11-18) from the 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study across six countries.
- Categorization of participants into responders, age non-responders, and gender non-responders.
- Comparison of non-response rates to other questions and self-reported health indicators across groups.
Main Results:
- Overall non-response was low: 98.0% responders, 1.6% age non-responders, 0.4% gender non-responders.
- Age non-responders skipped significantly more questions (4.2) than gender non-responders (3.2) and responders (2.1).
- Gender non-responders reported higher psychosomatic complaints, increased substance use, and lower family support compared to responders.
Conclusions:
- Non-response patterns suggest differing motivations for skipping age versus gender questions.
- Health disparities among non-responder groups indicate potential underrepresentation and unique needs of certain youth.
- Future research should adopt inclusive methodologies, incorporating insights from LGBT+ youth, to accurately assess sex and gender identity.
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