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Is 25OH Vitamin D Excess before 36 Weeks Corrected Age an Independent Risk Factor for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia or

Sophie Laborie1, Maxime Bonjour2,3, Justine Bacchetta3,4,5

  • 1Service de Réanimation Néonatale et Néonatologie, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France.

Nutrients
|October 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

High vitamin D levels (≥ 120 nmol/L) in preterm infants were not associated with increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death. This study suggests that excessive 25-hydroxyvitamin D does not pose a significant risk for BPD in this vulnerable population.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is a risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants.
  • Previous studies show mixed results regarding vitamin D supplementation and BPD.
  • Animal models suggest both deficiency and excess vitamin D can harm lung development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if high 25(OH)D levels (≥ 120 nmol/L) are associated with an increased risk of BPD or death in preterm infants.
  • To examine the relationship between excessive vitamin D and adverse outcomes in extremely premature neonates.
  • To clarify the role of vitamin D status in the development of BPD.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective single-center cohort study of infants born <31 weeks gestational age.
  • Included infants with 25(OH)D levels measured at <36 weeks corrected age and no levels <50 nmol/L.
  • Analyzed 175 infants, assessing 25(OH)D levels, BPD, and mortality using logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Infants with BPD or who died had lower birth weight and gestational age.
  • The frequency of 25(OH)D levels ≥ 120 nmol/L was similar between infants with and without BPD/death (50.5% vs. 43.9%).
  • Logistic regression identified lower weight and gestational age, but not excessive 25(OH)D, as significant risk factors for BPD or death.

Conclusions:

  • This study did not find a significant association between excessive 25(OH)D levels (≥ 120 nmol/L) and the risk of BPD or death in preterm infants.
  • Lower birth weight and gestational age remain significant risk factors for BPD or death.
  • Further research may be needed to fully elucidate the optimal vitamin D range for preventing BPD in preterm infants.

Keywords:
bronchopulmonary dysplasialow-birthweight infantpremature infantsvery-low-birthweight infantvitamin D

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