The Hybrid Nano-Biointerface between Proteins/Peptides and Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

Area of Science:

• Nanomaterials Science
• Biophysics
• Surface Chemistry

Background:

• Protein-nanoparticle interactions are crucial for bioengineered nanomaterials.
• Understanding biomolecule binding and conformational changes is key to material function.
• The interplay between biomolecules and nanomaterial surfaces is complex.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the state-of-the-art knowledge on biomolecule coronas and 2D nano-biointerfaces.
• To identify current challenges in understanding protein and peptide interactions with 2D nanomaterials.
• To consolidate findings from diverse experimental and simulation studies.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of experimental studies.
• Analysis of computational simulation data.
• Inclusion of recent machine learning results.
• Examination of various nanomaterial and peptide/protein systems.

Main Results:

• Detailed overview of the biomolecular layer formed on 2D nanomaterials.
• Identification of specific challenges in characterizing nano-biointerfaces.
• Synthesis of knowledge across different research methodologies.
• Highlighting the complexity of protein/peptide adsorption and conformational changes.

Conclusions:

• The 2D nano-biointerface presents unique challenges and opportunities.
• Further research is needed to fully elucidate protein-nanomaterial interactions.
• Integrated approaches combining experiments, simulations, and machine learning are promising.