Solubility and Thermodynamic Analysis of Isotretinoin in Different (DMSO + Water) Mixtures

The solubility and solution thermodynamics of isotretinoin (ITN) (3) in numerous {dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (1) + water (H₂O) (2)} combinations were studied at 298.2-318.2 K under fixed atmospheric pressure of 101.1 kPa. A shake flask methodology was used to determine ITN solubility, and correlations were made using the "van't Hoff, Apelblat, Buchowski-Ksiazczak λh, Yalkowsky-Roseman, Jouyban-Acree, and Jouyban-Acree-van't Hoff models". In mixtures of {(DMSO (1) + H₂O (2)}, the solubility of ITN in mole fractions was enhanced with the temperature and DMSO mass fraction. The mole fraction solubility of ITN was highest in neat DMSO (1.02 × 10^-1 at 318.2 K) and lowest in pure H₂O (3.14 × 10^-7 at 298.2 K). The output of computational models revealed good relationships between the solubility data from the experiments. The dissolution of ITN was "endothermic and entropy-driven" in all of the {(DMSO (1) + H₂O (2)} mixtures examined, according to the positive values of measured thermodynamic parameters. Enthalpy was discovered to be the driving force behind ITN solvation in {(DMSO (1) + H₂O (2)} combinations. ITN-DMSO displayed the highest molecular interactions when compared to ITN-H₂O. The outcomes of this study suggest that DMSO has a great potential for solubilizing ITN in H₂O.