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Vaping-Induced Proteolysis Causes Airway Surface Dehydration.

Arunava Ghosh1, Raymond D Coakley2, Neil E Alexis3

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|October 28, 2023
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Summary

Vaping and smoking increase airway proteases, leading to epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activation and lung dehydration. This dehydration, similar to smoking effects, may contribute to lung diseases in vapers.

Keywords:
ENaCairway surface liquidbronchoalveolar lavage fluide-cigaretteselastasementhol

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Cell Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Proteases, like neutrophil elastase, activate the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), causing airway dehydration.
  • Vaping introduces potential airway irritants and proteases, but their impact on ENaC and hydration is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of increased protease levels in vapers' airways on ENaC activity and airway dehydration.
  • To compare the effects of vaping and smoking on airway hydration and ENaC function.

Main Methods:

  • Human bronchial epithelial cultures (HBECs) were exposed to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from non-smokers, smokers, and vapers.
  • Airway surface liquid (ASL) height was measured using confocal microscopy; ENaC cleavage was assessed by Western blotting.
  • Neutrophil secretions from e-liquid exposure were tested on HBECs.

Main Results:

  • BALF from smokers and vapers equally increased ENaC activity and decreased ASL height, unlike non-smokers' BALF.
  • Protease inhibitors attenuated the decrease in ASL height, indicating protease involvement.
  • BALF from smokers and vapers induced ENaC cleavage; e-liquid-exposed neutrophil secretions mimicked this effect.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated airway protease levels in vapers activate ENaC, causing significant airway dehydration.
  • Vaping, like smoking, is predicted to lead to lung surface dehydration and potentially contribute to lung diseases such as COPD, asthma, and CF.
  • These findings highlight a mechanism by which vaping may impair lung health.