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Related Concept Videos

Mortar Properties01:17

Mortar Properties

Mortar properties encompass a range of characteristics crucial for construction and masonry work, including workability, water retention, bond strength, durability, compressive strength, volume change, and appearance. Workability refers to mortar's ability to be easily applied and manipulated without sagging or falling off surfaces, which is important for efficient masonry unit placement and alignment. Water retention is essential to prevent the mortar from losing moisture too quickly to the...
Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in ASTM C...
Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is critical—it...
Microcracking in Concrete01:20

Microcracking in Concrete

Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
Reinforcements in Concrete01:25

Reinforcements in Concrete

Reinforced concrete is a composite material used extensively in construction, combining the compressive strength of concrete with the tensile strength of steel. This synergy is essential as concrete, while excellent at resisting compression, is weak under tension. Steel bars, or rebars, are embedded in the concrete to handle these tensile forces. The choice of steel is strategic; it shares a similar coefficient of thermal expansion with concrete, which ensures uniformity in response to...
Fiber Reinforced Concrete01:22

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior
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Editorial: Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Composites.

Lik-Ho Tam1, Ao Zhou2, Zechuan Yu3

  • 1School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.

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Summary

The growing global population and economy necessitate advanced construction materials for sustainable, durable infrastructure. High-performance materials are crucial for developing eco-friendly buildings with enhanced resistance and longevity.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Sustainable Development

Background:

  • Increasing global population and economic development drive demand for advanced infrastructure.
  • Existing construction materials face challenges in meeting requirements for sustainability, durability, and resistance.
  • There is a growing need for innovative, high-performance construction materials.

Discussion:

  • Focus on developing materials that are economical, sustainable, and eco-friendly.
  • Materials must exhibit improved ductility and resistance to external elements.
  • Enhanced durability is a key performance indicator for modern infrastructure.

Key Insights:

  • The study addresses the critical need for superior construction materials.
  • It highlights the importance of balancing economic viability with environmental responsibility.
  • The research aims to advance material science for better infrastructure.

Outlook:

  • Future research will likely focus on novel composites and sustainable sourcing.
  • Development of smart materials with self-healing or adaptive properties is anticipated.
  • Integration of advanced materials will be key to future resilient infrastructure.