Secure and Robust Demand Response Using Stackelberg Game Model and Energy Blockchain

Area of Science:

• Smart Grid Technology
• Blockchain Applications
• Energy Systems Security

Background:

• Existing smart grid literature lacks integrated solutions for security, privacy, and settlement robustness in demand response (DR).
• The increasing integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices necessitates enhanced security and robustness in energy transactions.
• Demand response programs are crucial for grid stability but require secure and reliable settlement mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a novel energy blockchain framework for securing energy transactions in smart grids.
• To develop a mixed-strategy stochastic game model for optimizing demand response decisions under uncertainty.
• To enhance the security, privacy, and robustness of DR settlement processes.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing an energy blockchain to secure transactions and store DR agreements as distributed ledgers.
• Formulating a mixed-strategy stochastic game model to optimize DR contributions and decisions.
• Employing customer hardware for block mining and smart contracts for transaction validation.
• Validating the scheme using real-world residential demand profiles and photovoltaic (PV) generation data.

Main Results:

• Demonstrated that electric vehicle (EV) discharging and customer demand reduction positively impact block mining success and customer profitability.
• Validated the security and robustness of the proposed consensus algorithm in detecting malicious activities.
• Showcased the effectiveness of the energy blockchain in securing energy transactions and DR agreements.

Conclusions:

• The proposed energy blockchain framework effectively addresses the security, privacy, and robustness gaps in smart grid demand response settlement.
• The integration of blockchain technology and stochastic game modeling offers a promising approach for secure and efficient energy management.
• The findings highlight the potential of leveraging customer-side resources like EVs for grid optimization and enhanced profitability.