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Propellant Mass Gauging in a Spherical Tank under Micro-Gravity Conditions Using Capacitance Plate Arrays and Machine

Shah M Chowdhury¹, Matthew A Charleston², Qussai M Marashdeh²

¹ElectroScience Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|October 28, 2023

Summary

Accurately measuring propellant mass in micro-gravity is difficult. A machine learning approach significantly outperforms traditional methods for estimating fuel content, even with varied fuel shapes and positions.

Keywords:

capacitance sensors electrical capacitance volume tomography machine learning micro-gravity mass gauging two-phase flow

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Area of Science:

Aerospace Engineering
Applied Physics
Sensor Technology

Background:

Propellant mass gauging in micro-gravity is critical for spacecraft missions.
Unpredictable fuel slosh and shape variations complicate traditional gauging methods.
Capacitance sensors show promise but require detailed analysis of fuel body dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of varied propellant fill types and positions on capacitance sensor accuracy.
To compare the performance of curve-fitting and machine learning approaches for propellant gauging.
To identify the most effective method for precise fuel content estimation in micro-gravity.

Main Methods:

Simulating and analyzing capacitance sensor responses for annular, core-annular, and stratified propellant fills.
Evaluating multiple curve-fitting algorithms for propellant mass estimation.
Implementing and testing a machine learning-based model for fuel gauging.

Main Results:

The position and shape of the propellant significantly affect capacitance sensor readings.
Curve-fitting methods show limitations in accuracy across diverse fuel configurations.
The machine learning approach demonstrated superior performance in estimating propellant mass.

Conclusions:

Machine learning offers a robust solution for propellant mass gauging under micro-gravity.
Accurate fuel estimation is achievable despite complex fuel body dynamics.
This research advances critical technologies for long-duration spaceflight and orbital operations.