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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

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Host Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Ayse Agac1, Sophie M Kolbe1, Martin Ludlow1

  • 1Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.

Viruses
|October 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant illness in infants and older adults. This review explores host immune responses to RSV and discusses new vaccines and treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major global health concern, particularly for infants and the elderly.
  • Widespread childhood infection by age two and common reinfections highlight challenges in achieving lasting immunity.
  • Limited antigenic variation in RSV contrasts with other respiratory viruses, suggesting immunity duration is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the host immune response to RSV infection, starting with epithelial cells and progressing to innate and adaptive immunity.
  • To examine immunomodulatory and pathogenic mechanisms employed by RSV during infection.
  • To discuss current RSV vaccine candidates and alternative therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of host responses to RSV.
  • Analysis of immunomodulatory and pathogenic mechanisms.
  • Survey of existing and emerging vaccine and treatment options.

Main Results:

  • Epithelial cells form the initial barrier against RSV, followed by complex innate and adaptive immune responses.
  • RSV employs specific mechanisms to modulate the host immune system, contributing to pathogenesis.
  • Recent advancements include FDA-approved vaccines for older adults and pregnant women to protect infants.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the intricate host response is crucial for developing effective RSV interventions.
  • New vaccines targeting RSV offer promising protection for vulnerable populations.
  • Continued research into immunomodulation and alternative treatments is essential for combating RSV disease.

Keywords:
adaptive immunityimmune evasionimmunopathologyinnate immunityrespiratory syncytial virusvaccines

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