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Feline Morbillivirus: Clinical Relevance of a Widespread Endemic Viral Infection of Cats

Maria Grazia Pennisi1, Sándor Belák2, Séverine Tasker3,4

  • 1Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.

Viruses
|October 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) causes kidney disease in cats, with persistent viral shedding in urine. Further research is needed to understand its clinical relevance and genetic diversity in feline populations.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Feline Pathology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is a virus first isolated in 2012.
  • FeMV has been linked to tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), a primary cause of feline chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • The virus's host range and tissue tropism extend beyond domestic cats and kidneys.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical relevance of FeMV's genetic diversity.
  • To clarify the association between FeMV infection and renal disease in cats.
  • To understand the worldwide distribution and shedding patterns of FeMV.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of viral genetic diversity.
  • Examination of urine and kidney tissues from cats.
  • Experimental studies to confirm field observations.
  • Longitudinal field studies on viral shedding.

Main Results:

  • FeMV exhibits extensive genetic diversity, though its clinical significance is unclear.
  • Studies show mixed results regarding FeMV association with CKD; some cats test positive regardless of health status.
  • Experimental studies confirm higher viral loads in urine and demonstrate FeMV antigen in renal TIN lesions.
  • Persistent viral shedding in urine is observed, with potential for spontaneous clearance.

Conclusions:

  • FeMV is globally distributed and can cause TIN and acute kidney injury in cats.
  • Higher viral loads in urine and lymphotropism are characteristic of FeMV infection.
  • Persistent shedding occurs, but spontaneous infection clearance is possible.
Keywords:
CKDFeMVTINcatdiagnosisepidemiologyexperimental infectionhost spectrumpathologyurine

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