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Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
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Changes in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in the Paediatric Population in the Second COVID-19 Pandemic Year

Conchita Izquierdo1, Pilar Ciruela1,2, Núria Soldevila2,3

  • 1Agència de Salut Publica de Catalunya, 08005 Barcelona, Spain.

Vaccines
|October 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence in children in Catalonia. Despite increased healthcare demand in 2021, IPD rates remained substantially lower than pre-pandemic levels.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence globally declined in 2020, coinciding with COVID-19 mitigation measures.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic impacted healthcare utilization and disease patterns, necessitating evaluation of its specific effects on pediatric IPD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare demand and pediatric IPD incidence in Catalonia.
  • To compare 2021 IPD rates and healthcare utilization with pre-pandemic (2018-2019) and early pandemic (2020) periods.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study conducted in Catalonia from 2018 to 2021.
  • Comparison of emergency room (ER) visits and IPD incidence rates between study periods.
  • Calculation of incidence rate ratios (IRR) and percentage changes to quantify differences.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric ER visits decreased by 21% in 2021 compared to 2018-2019, with a subsequent 22% increase compared to 2020.
  • Overall IPD incidence in 2021 was 4.6 cases per 100,000, a 58% reduction from 11.0 in 2018-2019.
  • Reductions in IPD were more pronounced for PCV13 serotypes than non-PCV13 serotypes, particularly during periods of stringent public health measures.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic led to a substantial decrease in pediatric IPD incidence, exceeding the reduction in overall healthcare demand.
  • IPD incidence in 2021 remained significantly lower than pre-pandemic levels, with notable reductions observed during periods of enhanced public health interventions.
  • The findings highlight the complex interplay between public health measures, healthcare utilization, and infectious disease dynamics during the pandemic.

Keywords:
impact of COVID-19invasive pneumococcal diseasenon-pharmaceutical measurespneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine

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