Ocular Inflammation Post-Vaccination.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Immunology
• Vaccinology

Background:

• Vaccine administration is linked to various ocular inflammatory conditions, including uveitis.
• Specific uveitis types like anterior, intermediate, and posterior uveitis, as well as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), have been reported post-vaccination.
• While often transient and responsive to steroids, vaccine-induced uveitis warrants further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively analyze the association between specific antiviral vaccines and different types of uveitis.
• To identify which vaccines pose a higher risk for inducing ocular inflammatory disorders.
• To highlight specific uveitis manifestations that require careful clinical attention following vaccination.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of scientific literature and database search for reported cases of vaccine-induced uveitis.
• Analysis of correlations between antiviral vaccines (Hepatitis B, HPV, MMR, VZV, Influenza) and uveitis manifestations.
• Categorization of uveitis types and assessment of treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

• Influenza vaccines showed the strongest association with uveitis, followed by VZV and HPV vaccines.
• Anterior uveitis was common, but specific conditions like APMPPE, MEWDS, and VKH were notably linked to vaccines.
• Corticosteroid treatment was generally effective, but approximately 50% of patients did not achieve complete recovery.

Conclusions:

• Antiviral vaccines, especially influenza, VZV, and HPV, are associated with diverse uveitis presentations.
• Conditions such as APMPPE, MEWDS, and VKH are significant findings in vaccine-induced uveitis.
• While steroid therapy is beneficial, potential long-term ocular effects highlight the need for vigilance in clinical practice.