2D Nanozymes Modulate Gut Microbiota and T-Cell Differentiation for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management

Intestinal commensal microbiota dysbiosis and immune dysfunction are significant exacerbating factors in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To address these problems, Pluronic F-127-coated tungsten diselenide (WSe₂ @F127) nanozymes are developed by simple liquid-phase exfoliation. The abundant valence transitions of elemental selenium (Se^2- /Se⁴⁺ ) and tungsten (W⁴⁺ /W⁶⁺ ) enable the obtained WSe₂ @F127 nanozymes to eliminate reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. In addition, the released tungsten ions are capable of inhibiting the proliferation of Escherichia coli. In a model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, WSe₂ @F127 nanozymes modulate the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of bacteria S24-7 and significantly reducing the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae. Moreover, WSe₂ @F127 nanozymes inhibit T-cell differentiation and improve intestinal immune barrier function in a model of Crohn's disease. The WSe₂ @F127 nanozymes effectively alleviate IBD by reducing oxidative stress damage, modulating intestinal microbial populations, and remodeling the immune barrier.