Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:

where R is the gas constant (8.314 J/K·mol), T is the absolute temperature in kelvin, and Q is the reaction quotient. This equation may be used to predict the spontaneity of a process under any given set of conditions.
Reaction Quotient...

The de Broglie Wavelength

The de Broglie Wavelength

In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...

Quantum Numbers

Quantum Numbers

It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Nonmonotonic consensus transitions in bounded-confidence dynamics on unbiased networks.

Physical review. E·2026

Same author

Pauli Crystal Superradiance.

Physical review letters·2026

Same author

The prognostic significance of the 'Worst Pattern of Invasion' in oral cancers-an international collaborative multicentre analysis.

Oral oncology·2026

Same author

Neighbourhood topology unveils pathological hubs in the brain networks of epilepsy-surgery patients.

Brain communications·2025

Same author

Beyond-mean-field phases of rotating dipolar condensates in the strongly correlated regime.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2025

Same author

Universal Work Statistics in Long-Range Interacting Quantum Systems.

Physical review letters·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Quantum Metric Unveils Defect Freezing in Non-Hermitian Systems.

Karin Sim¹, Nicolò Defenu¹, Paolo Molignini^2,3

¹Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters

|October 28, 2023

Summary

Non-Hermitian quantum systems exhibit unique dynamics. This study shows PT-broken evolution in such systems causes defect freezing, violating adiabaticity, a phenomenon missed by standard normalization methods.

More Related Videos

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

Area of Science:

Quantum mechanics
Non-Hermitian physics
Condensed matter theory

Background:

Non-Hermiticity in quantum Hamiltonians introduces nonunitary time evolution and complex energy eigenvalues.
This leads to novel phenomena absent in Hermitian systems.
Understanding these dynamics is crucial for experimental applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dynamics of an exactly solvable non-Hermitian system under a linear quench.
To analyze the behavior of defects in both PT-symmetric and PT-broken regimes.
To highlight the necessity of a metric framework for accurate description.

Main Methods:

Studied an exactly solvable non-Hermitian quantum system.
Employed a consistent framework with a nontrivial dynamical metric for the Hilbert space.
Analyzed defect dynamics generated by a linear quench.

Main Results:

Observed defect freezing in the PT-broken regime, contrasting with Hermitian systems.
Demonstrated the violation of adiabaticity due to defect freezing.
Showcased the inadequacy of time-dependent norm normalization for capturing this physics.

Conclusions:

The metric framework is essential for understanding non-Hermitian quantum dynamics, particularly defect freezing.
PT-broken time evolution in non-Hermitian systems leads to non-adiabatic behavior.
Findings are relevant for diverse experimental systems exploring non-Hermitian physics.