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Area of Science:

  • Physics of living systems
  • Soft matter physics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Filamentous cyanobacteria display complex nonequilibrium self-organization.
  • The physical mechanisms underlying their collective behavior are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the motility and collective organization of filamentous cyanobacteria colonies.
  • To develop a physical model explaining observed self-organization patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of individual cell gliding and pairwise interactions.
  • Development of a minimal nonreciprocal model for active filaments.
  • Analysis of factors including aspect ratio, curvature fluctuations, motility, and nematic interactions.

Main Results:

  • Observed a transition from isotropic distributions to reticulate patterns in cell chains with increasing area density.
  • The developed minimal model successfully recapitulates experimental observations.
  • Rationalized the emergence of a characteristic length scale in the system.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a physical explanation for the self-organization of filamentous cyanobacteria.
  • The Péclet number is identified as a key factor determining the system's characteristic length scale.
  • The findings offer insights into the collective behavior of simple multicellular lifeforms.