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Related Concept Videos

Glycolysis: Preparatory Phase01:21

Glycolysis: Preparatory Phase

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In cellular metabolism (the complete breakdown of glucose to extract energy),  glycolysis is the first step. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Glucose enters heterotrophic cells in two ways. One method is through secondary active transport, where the transport takes place against the glucose concentration gradient. The other mechanism uses a group of integral proteins called GLUT proteins, also known as glucose transporter proteins. These...
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Fates of Pyruvate01:20

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Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...
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Glycolysis01:23

Glycolysis

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Glycolysis, the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, is a central metabolic pathway involved in glucose catabolism. It is highly conserved across most organisms, reflecting its fundamental role in cellular energy production. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and can function both in the presence and absence of oxygen, making it versatile for various organisms and environmental conditions.Stages of GlycolysisGlycolysis is a ten-step pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating a net gain of...
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ATP Energy Storage and Release01:31

ATP Energy Storage and Release

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ATP is a highly unstable molecule. Unless quickly used to perform work, ATP spontaneously dissociates into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the free energy released during this process is lost as heat. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to perform work inside the cell and depends on a strategy called energy coupling. Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions, allowing them to proceed.
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Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

Other Glycolytic Pathways

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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
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Energy-requiring Steps of Glycolysis01:20

Energy-requiring Steps of Glycolysis

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Glucose is the source of nearly all energy used by organisms. The first step of converting glucose into usable energy is called glycolysis. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell over two phases: an energy-requiring phase and an energy-releasing phase. Over the first three steps, glucose is converted into different forms and attached to two phosphate groups donated by two ATP molecules, resulting in an unstable sugar. In the next two stages, the unstable sugar splits into two sugar...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Extraction of Structural Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Aerobic Granular Sludge
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Extraction of Structural Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Aerobic Granular Sludge

Published on: September 26, 2016

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Aerobic granular sludge phosphate removal using glucose.

Ali Elahinik1, Linghang Li1, Martin Pabst1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629HZ, the Netherlands.

Water Research
|October 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aerobic granular sludge effectively removes phosphate using glucose, a fermentable substrate. This study demonstrates glucose

Keywords:
Aerobic granular sludgeCa. AccumulibacterEnhanced biological phosphorus removalFermentative GAOMicropruinaProteomics

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Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method
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Bergmeyer Glucose Quantification for Microbiological Samples
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Bergmeyer Glucose Quantification for Microbiological Samples

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Bergmeyer Glucose Quantification for Microbiological Samples
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Bergmeyer Glucose Quantification for Microbiological Samples

Published on: January 17, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Biotechnology
  • Wastewater Treatment
  • Microbial Ecology

Background:

  • Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is crucial for enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR).
  • Fatty acids are common substrates for EBPR, but fermentable substrates like glucose are less studied.
  • Limited research exists on glucose conversion by AGS and its impact on phosphate removal efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate glucose conversion by aerobic granular sludge.
  • To assess the impact of glucose as a substrate on biological phosphate removal.
  • To characterize the microbial community and metabolic pathways involved in glucose metabolism within AGS.

Main Methods:

  • Long-term experiments using aerobic granular sludge with glucose as the sole carbon source.
  • Monitoring of phosphate uptake/release, substrate consumption, and byproduct formation.
  • Quantitative fluorescence in-situ hybridization (qFISH) and metagenome analysis to identify microbial populations (e.g., PAO, Micropruina, Ca. Accumulibacter).

Main Results:

  • Stable phosphate removal and successful aerobic granulation were achieved with glucose.
  • Glucose was rapidly consumed anaerobically, leading to phosphate release and subsequent uptake.
  • Lactate was the primary fermentation product, directly correlating with phosphate release; poly-hydroxy-alkanoates and glycogen storage were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Aerobic granular sludge technology is effective for treating glucose-containing effluents, with glucose supporting efficient phosphate removal.
  • A microbial community comprising fermentative organisms and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) develops under fermentable substrate conditions.
  • The study confirms glucose as a suitable substrate for EBPR in AGS systems, highlighting the adaptability of the microbial consortia.