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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

693
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Vitamin B12 Hypersensitivity: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Fatema-Zahra El Rhermoul1, Amina Mustafa1, Annette Wagner1

  • 1Department of Adult Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. in Practice
|October 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin B12 hypersensitivity is rare, but prompt diagnosis is crucial. This study proposes a diagnostic pathway including skin tests and consideration of polyethylene glycol allergy for accurate Vitamin B12 hypersensitivity evaluation.

Keywords:
Cobalt allergyCyanocobalaminDesensitizationExcipientHydroxycobalaminPEGSDRIFESkin testingVit B(12) allergy

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in older adults, potentially leading to severe health issues if untreated.
  • Vitamin B12 hypersensitivity (VB12H) is an under-recognized condition requiring specific diagnostic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a cohort of patients with suspected Vitamin B12 hypersensitivity.
  • To establish a diagnostic pathway for VB12H.

Main Methods:

  • Skin prick and intradermal testing with cyanocobalamin and hydroxycobalamin were performed.
  • Drug provocation tests (DPT) were conducted for patients with negative skin tests.
  • Evaluation included assessment for polyethylene glycol (PEG) allergy.

Main Results:

  • Of 29 patients, 18 (62%) had immediate VB12H, with 8 experiencing anaphylaxis.
  • Seven patients tolerated an alternative Vitamin B12 formulation after initial sensitization.
  • One patient reacted to PEG in oral cobalamin; delayed reactions were also observed.

Conclusions:

  • Confirmed Vitamin B12 hypersensitivity is rare.
  • A comprehensive evaluation protocol involving Vitamin B12 skin tests and PEG allergy assessment is proposed.
  • This pathway aids in the accurate diagnosis of VB12H.