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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs but also impacts other areas, such as the arms, thereby impairing overall circulation and organ function.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty deposits inside the arterial...
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
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Pathophysiology of coronary microvascular dysfunction.

Filippo Crea1, Rocco A Montone2

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Rome, Italy.

Vascular Pharmacology
|October 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) involves changes in heart vessels, causing chest pain and ischemia in various heart conditions. Understanding CMD mechanisms is key for developing new precision medicine treatments.

Keywords:
AnginaCoronary microvascular dysfunctionHFpEFINOCAMyocardial ischemiaSpasmTakotsubo syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a complex condition affecting the heart's small blood vessels.
  • CMD contributes to angina and myocardial ischemia in diverse cardiovascular diseases.
  • It is prevalent in conditions like non-obstructive coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathies, Takotsubo syndrome, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide updated evidence on the pathophysiological mechanisms of CMD.
  • To explore CMD across various cardiovascular diseases.
  • To guide future research and precision medicine strategies for CMD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature and evidence.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CMD.
  • Synthesis of findings across different cardiovascular disease contexts.

Main Results:

  • CMD involves diverse functional and structural changes in the coronary microcirculation.
  • CMD is a common factor in multiple cardiovascular conditions leading to ischemia.
  • Updated understanding of CMD mechanisms is crucial for targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

  • CMD is a significant contributor to ischemic heart conditions.
  • Further research into CMD pathophysiology is essential.
  • Developing precision medicine approaches for CMD holds therapeutic promise.