[Prophylaxis and treatment of hematological malignancy-associated thrombosis]

Hematologic malignancies, particularly acute myeloid leukemia, are associated with thrombocytopenia as well as hyperfibrinolytic disseminated intravascular coagulation, which increases the risk of death due to bleeding. Conversely, thromboembolism is known to complicate certain proportions of patients and lead to a poor prognosis; however, prophylaxis and treatment with anticoagulants received little attention. This article discusses the risk factors for thromboembolism in hematologic malignancies, such as acute leukemia, malignant lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, as well as thromboembolism prevention and treatment. Meta-analyses have revealed that second- and third-generation BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors increase the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, and this article discusses strategies to prevent these events, which are regarded as a major clinical issue.