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Related Concept Videos

Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
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Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

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Cognitive models for mentally visualizing a sharp instrument in a blind procedure.

Faith Mueller1, Austin Bachar2, Md A Arif3

  • 1Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY, USA.

Global Surgical Education : Journal of the Association for Surgical Education
|October 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Surgeons use various mental strategies, combining 2D and 3D visualizations with haptic feedback, to navigate instruments safely in blind surgical procedures. Re-establishing contact with the suprapubic bone helps regain orientation when visualization is lost.

Keywords:
Cognitive strategiesMidurethral slingPatient safetyQualitative methodologySurgical educationSurgical simulation

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Navigation
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Midurethral sling surgery requires blind passage of instruments near critical anatomy.
  • Surgeons rely heavily on haptic feedback, particularly from the suprapubic bone (SPB), for guidance.
  • Understanding surgeons' cognitive strategies for spatial navigation is crucial for improving surgical training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cognitive strategies employed by surgeons for mentally visualizing instrument navigation in blind surgical spaces.
  • To compare visualization techniques used by expert and novice surgeons during simulated surgical procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 expert and novice surgeons after simulated retropubic trocar passage.
  • 3D-printed pelvic models derived from MRI scans were used for the simulation.
  • Constant comparative analysis of coded interview responses was performed to identify themes.

Main Results:

  • Both expert and novice surgeons used a combination of cognitive strategies and haptic feedback for safe trocar passage.
  • Strategies included visualizing sequential 2D anatomical images or forming global 3D mental maps.
  • Experts utilized body position and subtle resistance variations, while novices tended to backtrack.

Conclusions:

  • Findings are applicable to various blind surgical procedures, emphasizing the importance of visualization and tactile feedback.
  • Teaching specific visualization strategies and incorporating tactile guidance can enhance surgical learners' ability to navigate safely.
  • These insights can inform the development of improved surgical training methods and intraoperative assistance tools.