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Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
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Characterizing Flocculated Mineral Sediments with Acoustic Backscatter, Using Solid and Hybrid Scattering Models.

Alastair S Tonge1,2, Jeffrey Peakall3, Alexander P G Lockwood4

  • 1School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
|October 30, 2023
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Summary

This study shows an acoustic backscatter system (ABS) can characterize complex wastes. The Solid Scattering model best described experimental data for particle flocculi, while dual-frequency inversions accurately measured concentrations.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Acoustics
  • Particle Science

Background:

  • Characterizing complex waste particles in situ is challenging.
  • Acoustic backscatter systems (ABS) offer a potential solution for real-time particle analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of an ABS for in situ particle characterization of complex wastes.
  • To compare experimental acoustic data with theoretical scattering models.
  • To assess dual-frequency inversions for concentration measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Used two types of sediment: flocculated calcite and pond sludge.
  • Employed a high-fidelity ABS with multiple frequency probes (1, 2.25, 5 MHz).
  • Calibrated the system and compared experimental data to Solid Scattering and Hybrid models.

Main Results:

  • Experimental data aligned better with the Solid Scattering model, indicating scattering by small flocculi.
  • The Hybrid model could achieve accurate fits when coefficient of variation was a fit parameter.
  • Dual-frequency inversions using the lowest frequencies provided accurate concentration measurements (2-35 g·L-1).

Conclusions:

  • ABS is effective for in situ particle characterization of complex wastes.
  • Model selection and a priori data are crucial for accurate size and structure determination.
  • Dual-frequency ABS is a reliable method for measuring waste concentrations.